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clinician lead approach, it is very   our own capacity building. Other issues to   learned, what worked if at all, and   catering to mental
 disease oriented. The messages   consider are quality, prices, availability   the failures from our Covid-19   health?
 people are getting is a mixture of   and accessibility for all. In the longer run,   approaches, and how we can work   In Bangladesh there is little to no
 messages from the internet, social   we need to develop our own technological   more efficiently across sectors and   conversation around mental
 media, television, and other   capacities because this pandemic will not   have better planning for the   health. It’s stigmatized. We are
 community members. It is important   be the last one and we need to be   future. Budget allocation needs to   conducting a research with 72
 to understand the lived experiences   prepared.      be increased substantially. It   university students and all of
 in order to have appropriate                         would be beneficial to have critical   them shared experiencing anxiety
 messaging as well as interventions.   What kinds of changes and or   review of some of the challenges   and depression. Students shared
 Fears around quarantine, stigma, the   approaches are necessary to   faced, from quality of PPE and its   concerns about being able to keep
 lack of trust on media and news and   improve the health sector?  distribution, lack of sufficient   up with about online education
 an already weakened health system   Our health system, in general, is not   equipment, shortage of bed/ICUs   and worried about whether they
 further reduces chances of reporting   particularly strong, and it has taken a   in hospitals, absence of   will graduate, get a job, earn
 and uptake of services.  further battering as a result of Covid-19.    contextualized communication   money. The uncertainty is
 Health is a culmination of personal,   We also need to ensure that other health   messaging, etc. This will allow us   daunting. Our urban research in
 emotional, mental, physical, social   services are not completely disregarded,   to understand what needs to be   slums found that poor slum
 and economic factors. Many of the   due to the focus on Covid-19. We have a   strengthened moving forward. The   women were suffering from
 poor grapple with all kinds of   mix of public, private and NGO health   national task force set up was   sleeplessness, loss of appetite and
 diseases and illnesses all the time.   providers in the country. There also exists   mainly clinician led. Public health   spoke of heart palpitations. They
 The middle and upper class on the   a large informal sector of providers that   is helpful for communities, but   were extremely worried about the
 livelihoods in Bangladesh.  other hand have not faced this level   the general communities/populations rely   health is not just about disease.   lockdown and about their income
 Many segments of the Bangladesh   of uncertainty. Unfortunately,   upon. Strong partnerships and referrals   We need to bring in   and how they were going to pay
 population are vulnerable, yet the   vulnerable communities are more   are important and innovative solutions are   multidisciplinary voices and   rent and purchase food.
 Covid-19 response on individual   familiar with diseases and death and   required to address the workforce shortage   opinions, from different   However, in our country one
 What do you think are the   determinants of health, focusing on   dying. Their lives are about basic   within our context. However, the point is   stakeholders and actors. There   cannot discuss mental health
 public health measures that   individual behavior with limited   survival. The pandemic just   not necessarily about fixing the health   needs to be an open approach   openly. The everyday stress and
 should be taken to combat the   attention to the personal,   magnified the existing inequalities   sector, but about meeting basic needs of   because the government cannot do   anxieties which has been
 impending second wave of   socio-cultural, economic and   and inequities that have always   the most vulnerable. For example, in   it alone.  aggravated by Covid-19 needs to
 COVID attacks during the   structural factors is problematic.   existed, and a purely clinical   slums, access to clean water is not always   Stimulus packages have been   be shared. Mental and emotional
 upcoming winter season?  This approach prevents the most   approach will not work. We need to   a reality, and housing is congested and the   initiated and rolled out. The other   wellbeing is very important and
 We have had a clinician-led approach, a   marginalized from following   address their needs comprehensively.   environment is polluted. Communal   issue is about understanding why   we need to talk about it. We need
 biomedical model of intervention to   national recommendations/WHO   The approach to dealing with such   latrines and kitchens with poor sanitation   some communities have been more   to talk beyond clinical diagnosis.
                                                      affected than other communities
 prevent and/or manage the coronavirus   guidelines. Practicing social   crises in our country is for diverse   and overflowing sewage and garbage is a   Generally normalizing emotional
 pandemic. In the context of Covid-19, the   distancing, washing of hands with   stakeholders to come together and   common sight during monsoon. So how   and in what ways. What are some   and mental wellbeing is to bring
                                                      of the needs and priorities? Some
 lockdown model was imported from a   soap, and staying at home are   the government can reach out –   does one achieve a healthy body and a   this up in conversations in
 different context, from western or   possible for the better off, but is a   NGOs, private sector and other   healthy mind if there is a lack of basic   of the communities are so   schools, universities and in the
                                                      impoverished that they cannot
 developed economies with stronger   non-starter for a majority of the   actors. Even if there is a vaccine in   infrastructural support? Medicines,   workplace. Unfortunately, mental
 economic bases and better social safety   urban poor with 6 to 11 members   the future which is made available   vaccines are not the magic bullet. We need   follow prescribed guidelines, and   health is equated with ‘madness’
                                                      many increasingly do not believe
 nets for those in need. But for the future,   crammed in one room within   for all, for the most vulnerable   to go back to the basics and ensure   and the labels and language used
 is there a better way forward for countries   informal settlements, sharing   groups there will continue to be job   citizens’ rights are available. We need a   in the dangers of the pandemic   to discuss it are derogatory in
                                                      anymore and therefore for example
 such as Bangladesh with far greater   irregular water supply, communal   and food insecurities; then what   socially just model that addresses   nature.
 resource constraints? The first cases of   latrines, and cooking spaces.   exactly have we achieved?  comprehensively the needs of vulnerable   a reluctance to wear masks in   Another challenge is that we don’t
                                                      public spaces. Our messaging
 Covid-19 in Bangladesh were reported on   Communication messaging needs to   populations and only then can we address   have enough counsellors or
 8th March, 2020, and as of October 03   reflect the lived realities of differing   What kind of policy, plans   health and well-being and the SDGs.  wasn’t always community-context   support systems in the country to
                                                      messaging. As I said earlier, it is
 2020, there were over 366,000 confirmed   contexts.  The costs of purchasing   and strategies can the   address this. There is a shortage
 cases (WHO, 2020). To contain   sufficient supply of soap and masks   Bangladesh government   A recent survey revealed, only   important for more social science   of clinical psychiatrists and
                                                      research to capture and
 transmission, the state at the beginning   is often an expense that the poorest   devise regarding the   five percent of the Upazila   psychologists. There is shame
 announced a series of “holidays” from   cannot necessarily afford or   import, production and   Health and Family Planning   understand the realities on the   surrounding mental wellbeing,
                                                      ground related to Covid-19.
 26th March, 2020 which led to the   rationalize and this is not feasible   distribution of vaccines?   Officers (UH&FPOs) hold a   and families object to members
 closure of all public and private   longer term, unless there are   How can cooperation   degree in public health. What   In the public health sector   accessing any form of counselling
 educational institutions, offices, transport   subsidies and provision of basic   among the national   can be done to improve the skill   or clinical psychiatric care. I think
 services, factories, retail shops and so   necessities for the most vulnerable.  commission and the   and competency level of public   there is little to no   people would be happier and
 forth (Dhaka Tribune, 10 April, 2020) and   In terms of research, we need to   current task force be   health officials in Bangladesh?  resources for mental   healthier if they could share what
 people were asked to strictly stay at   have longitudinal social science   strengthened to ensure   If this is what the survey reveals, then   health care especially in   they are experiencing and often
 home. Without the option to work from   research, with a community   efficient implementation of   more training is required. This is a critical   the rural areas, and there   just being able to talk and share
 home, the informal sector with over 50   centered approach, to understand   the vaccine access and   discussion we need to have, because   is a lack of awareness and   and get good counsel makes a
 million workers (87% of the workforce)   the impact of the virus on peoples’   distribution process?  post-pandemic we have to strengthen our   taboo surrounding the   huge difference to one’s quality of
 was crippled and the economic disruption   lives, their current fears, concerns,   If we go into partnership regarding   health system. As we move forward, it is   topic. How can the public   life and state of emotional and
 continues to threaten millions of   practices and behavior. When it’s a   vaccines, we should also prioritize   important to reflect on the lessons   health sector start   mental well-being.

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